As one of the most important parts of the building, roof is the most important function of waterproof and heat insulation. The roof should meet the functional requirements of strong durability, waterproof, heat preservation, heat insulation, fire prevention and resistance to all kinds of adverse effects. Building waterproof and heat preservation project has become an important part of the construction industry, which is related to the vital interests of thousands of households. Reducing roof leakage rate, improving energy efficiency, has been the industry's urgent expectations.
Disadvantages of existing roof practices
In concrete roofing engineering, in addition to waterproof layer and insulation layer, it usually includes slope layer, air layer, leveling layer, protective layer and surface layer.
According to the different methods of roof waterproof layer and insulation layer, the roof construction method is generally divided into inverted type and positive type.
(1) the roof construction method of inverted roof, which is to place the thermal insulation layer on the waterproof layer. Such practices must be used hydrophobic insulation materials, such as extruded board, and the thermal insulation layer should be set on the fine stone concrete protective layer, to a certain extent, to avoid the problem of thermal insulation layer channeling water, but because of the thermal insulation layer is not set on the waterproof layer, water easily into the insulation layer in the aperture of thermal insulation layer, such as joints, insulation board and waterproof layer between, on the one hand, reduce the heat preservation effect, on the other hand, when entering the winter, protective layer and the surface crack damage due to freezing expansion, affect the use of roof. Although upside-down roofing waterproof layer under thermal insulation layer, but the traditional waterproof bonding process can not be achieved and structure layer with sticky, so that the waterproof layer and structure layer between the existence of the aquifer, leading to leakage. In addition, the process of maintenance is complex, which requires the removal of heat preservation, protection, surface layer and other structural layers on the waterproof layer.
(2) ortho-roofing, that is, the practice of roof structure in which the insulation layer is placed under the waterproof layer. Due to the thermal insulation layer under the waterproof layer, and generally USES the traditional thermal insulation material, such as perlite, aerated concrete, ceramsite concrete, such as materials, these materials are widespread bibulous rate is big. Waterproof construction or in use process, once there is any breakage or lap, untight seal water quickly into, and stored in the insulation layer, at this point, the heat preservation material because after the water absorption and thermal conductivity, heat preservation effect is falling fast. More seriously, because the insulation layer has a large amount of water flowing freely, it infiltrates into the room at the weak point of roof structure layer and is difficult to repair completely. Set in the thermal insulation layer water vapor in the exhaust pipe to eliminate thermal insulation layer, despite a certain exhaust role, but added in the roof of the exhaust pipe, easily damaged, not ideal exhaust effect not only, instead of forming new water channel.
(3) Whether it is type or inversion type roof, in addition to the construction practice of congenital deficiencies, but also because of complex roof construction level, site construction are greatly influenced by artificial factors, between various tectonic levels layered construction, influence each other, because even the match problem between different construction units, lead to roof failed to realize the role in the design of each function layer.
According to the above analysis, the existing roof construction practices mainly have the following deficiencies:
Because there exists channeling water layer between roof waterproof layer and structural layer, leakage occurs and is difficult to repair. The insulation layer is easy to be filled with water and stored with water. Different structural layers are constructed in different layers and mutually looped.
Waterproof insulation integrated solution
Roofing construction leakage and heat preservation effect of falling between the thermal insulation layer and the waterproof layer is the main reason of failure to form a whole, result in insulation layer water or insulation layer in water storage, water affect the waterproof effect, so the best method is to heat preservation and waterproof integration, ideal, it is waterproof and thermal insulation layer to make the structure of "sandwich" type plate, and use the reserved waterproof lap and realize the integrity of the waterproof layer.
Selection of insulation materials
For thermal insulation layer, the main consideration is the coefficient of thermal conductivity of insulation materials, water absorption and the compressive strength and so on, in the process of rigid polyurethane foam in the superior performance of bonding, with concrete and cement mortar, the tool reference plane such as wood, steel, and waterproofing materials firm bonding, using the performance can be realized to protect WenXin bonding layer and two layer of waterproof layer, so the hard foam polyurethane board is more suitable.
Thermal insulation layer and the upper and lower two layers of waterproof layer bonded together, form a whole, the waterproof layer on the surface and insulation, thermal insulation layer and does not exist between the waterproof layer of surface layer, due to the rigid polyurethane itself has a good waterproof performance, even if the coil surface is damaged, will not lead to water, this kind of structure system can be greatly improved waterproof effect. At the same time, low water absorption rate of hard foam polyurethane and no water intake in the insulation layer can effectively guarantee the stability of its thermal insulation performance. In addition, due to the waterproof layer and insulating layer of the composite can be online composite on factory production lines, reduces the operation condition of traditional construction process, the influence of artificial factors, further improve the reliability of the roofing system.
Waterproof layer selection
For waterproof waterproof layer on the surface of the insulation on the integration, mainly considering the use of roofing waterproof layer environment is relatively poor, there is no thermal insulation layer of protection, even need to be exposed or have a need to grow, therefore, the waterproof layer is suitable for choosing superior physical properties, good weather resistance, such as root puncture resistant performance of waterproofing materials, such as 1.5 mm thick PVC and TPO, MAC waterproofing materials, etc.
For the waterproof layer under the surface, need to be waterproof as well at the grass-roots level of concrete or cement mortar screed-coat firm bonding, make its roof structure plate "skin", so as to avoid the occurrence of water, improve the reliability of the system, also need to have good construction applications. From these requirements, it is not hard to think of the self-adhesive wet rolling technology that has been widely used in the last decade or so. Considering the composite technology and technology of coil material and core layer, macromolecular self-adhesive rubber composite waterproof roll is the most suitable one.
Design options
In roof engineering design, must consider mainly waterproof problems, waterproof and drainage has close relationship with organized, from the point of view of waterproof, the ideal way is to find the slope structure, if the building to find slope, then carefully select the appropriate slope material, and to find the position of the slope layer set problem. At present, some civil construction projects in shenzhen have adopted the practice of roof structure layer bottom level and upper surface slope of 1-2%, which has solved the problem of slope finding. The effect is good and worth spreading.
The adoption of waterproof and heat preservation integrated board greatly simplifies the structural layers of the roof and reduces other structural layers required by the construction of various functional layers, such as leveling layer, air insulation layer and protective layer. On the one hand, the problem of water channeling between waterproof layer and thermal insulation layer and between waterproof layer and structural layer is avoided.
Selection of construction technology
In order to better adapt to the field construction conditions, polymer cement slurry technology, i.e. wet paving method, should be adopted in the construction of integrated waterproof and thermal insulation board.
But due to the integration of waterproof insulation board has certain rigidity, and grassroots and submissive as well as pure waterproofing materials, so need to use in the process of construction machinery for vibration, on the one hand, is beneficial to exhaust, pulp, on the other hand to improve cement slurry plumpness, to ensure that the integration of waterproof insulation board with full stick at the grassroots level to achieve no running water, eventually to improve roofing waterproof performance.
Upper and lower surface of the coil can be reserved by long and short side of the lap joint or the way to increase the sealing of the implementation, for MAC adhesive lap of coil, the self-adhesive can, can achieve "adhesive glue" way of lap joint, and TPO or PVC coil can adopt the method of hot air welding. In the node area, use the "node waterproof enhancement processing, cutting integration of waterproof insulation board, the shop is stuck integration of waterproof insulation board - play foamed polyurethane filling surface waterproof layer covering the surface".
（Sourcing: Network）
